In the evaluation of Little Hans, what is said about universality and Freud's view?

• A. It is universal and has population validity
• B. It is very uncommon and Freud thought it was universal
• C. It has strong generalizability
• D. It is based on large-scale experiments

Answer: (B)

The key idea here is population validity versus Freud’s claim of universal mechanisms. Little Hans is a single case study, so what’s observed is not representative of most children; it’s a rare, non-generalizable instance. Freud, however, argued that the underlying processes—like the Oedipus complex and how childhood fears reflect inner conflicts—are universal across people. So the evaluation characterizes the case as very uncommon in population terms, while Freud believed the same mechanisms operate universally.