What is a major limitation of the behaviourist approach?

• A. It ignores cognitive processes, emotions, and the complexity of human behaviour.
• B. It overemphasizes internal mental states.
• C. It explains all mental health issues completely.
• D. It ignores observable behaviour.

Answer: (A)

The major limitation is that behaviourism ignores cognitive processes, emotions, and the complexity of human behaviour. By focusing on observable actions and stimulus–response links reinforced by rewards or punishments, it treats thoughts, beliefs, and feelings as outside its scope. This makes sense for controlled conditioning studies, but it can’t explain why people plan ahead, solve problems, or how mood and motivation influence choices. In mental health, many issues are driven by patterns of thinking and feeling, not just what someone does, so a theory that neglects cognition can’t fully explain or treat them. The idea isn’t that behaviourism overemphasises internal mental states; it actually downplays them. It also doesn’t claim to explain all mental health issues completely, and it certainly doesn’t ignore observable behaviour since it centers on it.