Which researchers are credited with introducing the scientific method into psychology according to the overall evaluation?

• A. Watson and Rayner and Pavlov
• B. Skinner and Bandura
• C. Freud and Jung
• D. Maslow and Rogers

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is applying the scientific method to psychology by focusing on observable, measurable data and controlled experiments to study behavior. This is what Watson, Rayner, and Pavlov did: Pavlov’s rigorous conditioning experiments used precise procedures and measurement to show how reflexes could be shaped, while Watson championed psychology as the study of observable behavior with objective, repeatable methods. Rayner extended these methods to human learning, reinforcing the move toward empirical, testable findings in psychology. The other pairs are associated more with theories that emphasize internal experiences or later developments that, while important, did not inaugurate the scientific, experiment-driven approach in psychology in the same way.